Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm nickel-based alloys! ! ! ! !
Nickel-raws li alloy yog hais txog ib hom alloy uas muaj cov khoom zoo xws li lub zog siab thiab qee yam ua haujlwm rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub ntawm 650 txog 1000 degree. Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb, lawv tau muab faib ua npib tsib xee-raws li kub-resistant alloys, npib tsib xee-raws li corrosion-resistant alloys, npib tsib xee-raws li hnav-resistant alloys, npib tsib xee-raws li precision alloys thiab npib tsib xee-raws li cov duab nco alloys.
High-temperature alloys muab faib ua hlau-raws li high-temperature alloys, nickel-based high-temperature alloys thiab cobalt-based high-temperature alloys raws li cov substrates sib txawv. Ntawm lawv, nickel-based high-temperature alloys raug xa mus rau nickel-based alloys.
Cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev ntawm nickel-raws li alloys yog: 1. Incoloy alloy, xws li Incoloy800, lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog; 32Ni-21Cr-Ti, Al; nws yog ib tug tshav kub-resistant alloy; 2. Inconel alloy, xws li Inconel600, lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog; 73Ni-15Cr-Ti , Al; belongs rau tshav kub-resistant alloy; 3. Hastelloy alloy, uas yog, Hastelloy alloy, xws li Hastelloy C-276, lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog; 56Ni-16Cr-16Mo-4W; belongs rau corrosion-resistant alloy; 4. Monel alloy, uas yog, Monel Alloy, xws li Monel 400, lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog; 65Ni-34Cu; nws yog corrosion-resistant alloy;
Cov ntsiab lus alloying tseem ceeb yog chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, titanium, boron, zirconium, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, Cr, Ai, thiab lwm yam feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm antioxidant, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv zog, nag lossis daus thiab lwm yam. grain ciam teb ntxiv dag zog.
Nws muaj lub zog siab thiab qee yam ua haujlwm rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub ntawm 650 txog 1000 degree. Vim nws qhov kub thiab txias txaus lub zog thiab tiv thaiv oxidation thiab corrosion, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm aircraft cav hniav, foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw, nuclear reactors, thiab lub zog hloov khoom siv. Qhov kub thiab txias.
Keeb kwm kev loj hlob
Nickel-based high-temperature alloys (tom qab no hu ua nickel-based alloys) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930s. Lub tebchaws United Kingdom thawj zaug tsim cov nickel-based alloy Nimonic 75 (Ni-20Cr-0.4Ti) hauv xyoo 1941; txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog nkag, txhuas tau ntxiv los tsim Nimonic 80 (Ni{11}}Cr-2.5Ti-1.3Al). Lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv nruab nrab{16}}s, lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s, thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab{18}}s kuj tsim nickel-raws li alloys. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm npib tsib xee-raws li alloys muaj xws li ob yam: kev txhim kho ntawm alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab innovation ntawm ntau lawm txheej txheem. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev melting tshuab tsim cov txheej txheem rau refining npib tsib xee-raws li alloys uas muaj siab aluminium thiab titanium. Feem ntau ntawm cov nickel-based alloys thaum ntxov yog deformed alloys. Nyob rau xyoo 1950s, vim qhov nce ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm turbine hniav, cov hlau yuav tsum tau muaj zog dua kub-kub. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub zog ntawm cov hlau yog siab, nws yuav nyuaj los yog tsis tuaj yeem deform. Yog li ntawd, peev casting tshuab tau siv los tsim cov txheej txheem alloys nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. High kub lub zog casting alloy. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1960s, directional crystallization thiab ib qho siv lead ua superalloys thiab hmoov metallurgy superalloys nrog cov khoom zoo dua tau tsim. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov khoom siv roj turbines, ntau cov khoom siv high-chromium nickel-based alloys nrog kub corrosion kuj zoo thiab cov qauv ruaj khov tau tsim txij li xyoo 1960. Nyob rau hauv li 40 xyoo los ntawm thaum ntxov 1940s mus rau lig 1970s, kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm npib tsib xee-raws li alloys tau nce los ntawm 700 degree mus rau 1100 degree, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab nce ntawm txog 10 degree ib xyoo.
Cov khoom xyaw thiab cov khoom
Nickel-based superalloys yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov ua ntej, cov khoom siv nickel-based alloys tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov ntsiab lus alloy thiab tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua; Thib ob, lawv tuaj yeem tsim kev sib koom ua ke thiab xaj A3B-hom intermetallic compounds [Ni3(Al, Ti)] Raws li lub sijhawm ntxiv dag zog, cov hlau tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog thiab tau txais lub zog kub siab dua li cov hlau-raws li superalloys thiab cobalt-based superalloys; thib peb, npib tsib xee-raws li alloys uas muaj chromium muaj oxidation zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov hlau-based superalloys. Gas muaj peev xwm corrosion. Nickel-based alloys muaj ntau tshaj kaum lub ntsiab lus, ntawm cov uas Cr feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv oxidation thiab tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ua lub luag haujlwm ntxiv dag zog. Raws li lawv txoj kev ntxiv dag zog, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua: cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog, xws li tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium thiab vanadium; nag lossis daus muaj zog, xws li txhuas, titanium, niobium thiab tantalum; grain ciam teb ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntsiab lus, xws li boron, zirconium, Magnesium thiab tsawg lub ntiaj teb, thiab lwm yam.
Nickel-raws li high-temperature alloys muaj xws li cov khoom tov-strengthened alloys thiab nag lossis daus-strengthened alloys raws li lawv txoj kev ntxiv dag zog.
