Txhua hom stainless hlau muaj cov khoom sib txawv uas zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, 400 series stainless hlau corrode thiab xeb nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua, lawv cov qauv martensitic crystalline muab cov khoom kawg siab zog thiab ua rau lawv hnav ntau dua. Rau cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nrog nws los yog lwm yam siv no alloy, to taub dab tsi 400 series stainless hlau yog dab tsi thiab nws yuav ua li cas yuav pab nrhiav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws stainless hlau rau daim ntawv thov.
400 SERIES STAINLESS STEEL yog dab tsi?
Thaum, zoo li tag nrho cov hlau, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau, cov khoom pleev xim ntxiv ntawm 400 series stainless hlau yog los ntawm 11 mus rau 27 feem pua chromium, nyob ib ncig ntawm 1 feem pua carbon, thiab qhov siab tshaj ntawm 2.5 feem pua nickel. Nrog cov qauv martensitic feem ntau, cov hlau no sib txawv hauv lawv cov hardness thiab lub zog. Cov hlau stainless no tiv thaiv corrosion tsawg dua li 300 series, tab sis lawv muaj zog dua thiab feem ntau muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua, nyob ntawm seb cov hlau yuav tsum tiv taus. Thaum xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws 400 series stainless hlau rau daim ntawv thov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog txhua yam khoom siv dav dav, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Tam sim no, cia peb saib ntau dua stainless hlau hauv 400 series, lawv daim ntawv thov, thiab txoj kev kho zoo tshaj plaws.
409 Stainless hlau
409 stainless hlau yog lub hom phiaj dav dav uas muaj 11 feem pua chromium, nrog titanium siv los ua kom ruaj khov. Raws li ferritic stainless hlau, nws feem ntau yog siv rau lub tsheb tso tsheb, txawm hais tias nws kuj muaj lwm yam kev siv. Lub alloy cov ntsiab lus chromium yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant uas stainless hlau paub. Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm corrosion ntawm qhov kub siab, 409 steel yog cov khoom siv tau zoo nrog cov qauv zoo thiab nruab nrab lub zog.
Raws li nrog rau tag nrho lwm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, nws tiv taus corrosion zoo dua li carbon steel, uas nws feem ntau ua haujlwm hloov pauv hauv qee qhov nyuaj. Siv rau nws lub peev xwm los oxidize nyob rau hauv siab kub thiab tiv thaiv corrosion, 409 stainless hlau muaj qhov zoo dua hauv ntau lub sijhawm. Tsis zoo li lwm yam stainless hlau, nws tau siv vim nws cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo li qhov pom.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Catalytic converters
Cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb
Rauv qhov chaw
Hangers
Mufflers
Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa
Tailpipes
Transformer casings
Tubing rau tshav kub exchangers
Tsheb Exhaus systems
Cov hlau tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm cov pa tawm thiab lwm yam xwm txheej uas tsim cov roj ntsig txog corrosion ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus uas cov hlau cuam tshuam nrog gasses. Txawm li cas los xij, lub teeb nto xeb nws txhim kho uas tom qab ntawd tiv thaiv corrosion ntxiv ua rau cov hlau no tsis pom kev pom. Xav txog kev kho cua sov, cov hlau feem ntau tiv thaiv qhov ntsuas thaum raug rau lub sijhawm luv luv rau qhov kub txog li 1499 degree F (815 degree), thaum nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yam tsis muaj teeb meem txog 1247 degree F (675 degree).
410 Stainless hlau
Lwm lub hom phiaj dav dav, 410 stainless hlau yog martensitic thiab siv rau cov khoom uas muaj kev ntxhov siab. Resisting corrosion zoo, 410 stainless hlau kuj paub txog nws hardness thiab lub zog. Nws muaj chromium ntawm ib feem ntawm tsawg kawg yog 11.5 feem pua, tsuas yog txaus los ua kom nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li corrosion-resistant alloy hauv qee qhov chaw, suav nrog cov tshuaj me me lossis chav. Feem ntau muab nyob rau hauv machinable tab sis hardened mob rau daim ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau ib tug nruab nrab tsis kam mus corrosion thiab tshav kub, nrog rau siab zog, no steel qib resists corrosion zoo tshaj plaws thaum hardened, tempered thiab polished.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Hniav rau roj thiab chav turbines
Bolts, ceev thiab screws
Cheebtsam rau cov twj tso kua mis, nrog rau cov ncej thiab li qub
Cov tais diav
Cov cuab yeej kho hniav thiab phais
Hardened steel npas thiab rooj zaum rau
Chav ua noj
Kuv ladder rugs
Nozzles
Roj av twj tso kua mis cov khoom xws li cov pob steel tawv thiab cov rooj zaum
410 steel resists corrosion zoo nyob rau hauv me me corrosive ib puag ncig, tab sis kev tu kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua tom qab siv los xyuas kom meej kev ua tau zoo; Qhov no suav nrog kev tiv thaiv me me ntxhia thiab organic acids. Thaum nws los txog rau vuam, cov hlau no tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim welded los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua. Txawm li cas los xij, kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau preheat workpieces mus rau ntawm 350-400 degree F (177-204 degree), nrog annealing kuj pom zoo kom khaws cia siab tshaj plaws ductility. Rau kev kho cua sov, qhov kub yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2000-2200 degree F (1093-1204 degree), txawm hais tias cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm qis dua 1650 degree F (899 degree ).
410S STAINLESS HLAU STEEL
Raws li qhov qis-carbon iteration ntawm 410 stainless hlau, 410S muaj 12 feem pua chromium cov ntsiab lus nrog cov khoom uas txo qis austenite formations ntawm qhov kub siab dua, uas ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog. Raws li martensitic 400 series stainless hlau, thaum txias sai heev nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws nyob twj ywm du thiab mos. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg thaum welded los yog raug rau qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum annealed, 410S yog ferritic, pom zoo corrosion kuj mus rau qib 410 li niaj zaus, txawm tias nws tiv taus oxidation zoo dua.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Annealing thawv
Distillation tais
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv roj av refining
Rooj vag li qub
Kub exchangers
Mining thiab ore ua machinery
Muab faib
Petrochemical processing khoom
Xovxwm daim hlau
Quenching racks
Stainless hlau kab
Thermal processing khoom
Qib 410S tiv taus oxidation zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias li 1300 degree F (705 degree). Txawm li cas los xij, siab dua 1500 degree F (811 degree), scaling ua ntau dhau. Cov alloy kuj tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm alkalis, atmospheric tej yam kev mob, tej yam tshuaj, thiab dej tshiab, thiab me me ntxhia thiab organic acids. Thaum ntxuav kom zoo, cov hlau ua tau zoo thaum raug chlorides thaum ua haujlwm xws li kev npaj zaub mov.
Vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, 410S stainless hlau tsis tuaj yeem hardened nrog kev kho cua sov. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov hlau, qhov kub yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov ntsuas qhov nqaim ntawm 1600-1650 degree F (871-899 degree), tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau cua txias kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Txhawm rau kom cov hlau tsis txhob ua dhau heev lawm, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kub tshaj 2000 degree F (1093 degree). Yuav tsum pom cov nplej loj hauv cov hlau tom qab ua haujlwm txias, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tsis txhob poob ntawm 1200-1350 degree F (649-732 degree ).
Thaum nws los txog rau vuam, kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv tau. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib tsoo vim yog brittleness, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem yuav tsum tshwm sim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, txo qhov tsis sib xws thiab sib cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom txaus ua ntej tsim. 410S stainless hlau yuav tsis welded raws li qib 409, raws li kev ntxiv rau cov hlau yuav tsum tau kub dua thaum welded.
410HT stainless hlau
Cov hlau no tseem yog martensitic raws li lub hom phiaj dav dav, kho cua sov ntawm 410 stainless hlau. Siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas corrosion tsis yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb, nws kuj muaj cov chromium txaus (11.5 feem pua) los tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv cov mob me me.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Hniav rau roj thiab chav turbines
Bolts, ceev thiab screws
Cov tais diav
Cov cuab yeej kho hniav thiab phais
Hardened steel pob
Chav ua noj
Kuv ladder rugs
Nozzles
Roj av twj tso kua mis zaum
Parts thiab shafts rau twj tso kua mis thiab li qub
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm no 400 series stainless hlau alloy hais txog corrosion, vuam thiab kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li cov pa 410 stainless hlau.
416 Stainless hlau
suav tias yog thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov hlau no muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lwm hom stainless hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, 416 stainless hlau yog feem ntau machinable ntawm ib theem subcritical nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob annealed. Raws li martensitic alloy nrog 13 feem pua chromium, nws tau nyuaj thiab ntau dua corrosion-resistant thaum tshav kub kho. Txawm hais tias tsis zoo li ferritic lossis austenitic stainless hlau, 416 tiv taus xeb thiab lwm yam corrosion, thaum nws muaj lub zog loj thaum hardened thiab tempered. Nws cov kev kho cua sov, 416HT, muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov khoom sib nqus thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Cheebtsam rau tsis siv neeg ntsia hlau tshuab
Hluav taws xob cov motors
Gears
Txiv ntseej thiab bolts
Cov twj
Studs
Valves
Tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Qhov no 400 series stainless hlau tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab nruab nrab ntsev, feem ntau atmospheric tej yam kev mob, natural food acids, thiab cov khoom pov tseg. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab, 416 tsis haum rau marine lossis lwm qhov chaw muaj chlorides. Nws tseem tsis tshua muaj zog dua li qib austenitic stainless hlau thiab ferritic alloys muaj li ntawm 17 feem pua chromium. Lub alloy yuav tsum tau hardened nrog du nto tiav kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj.
Cov hlau stainless no tiv thaiv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txog 1400 degree F (760 degree), thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua hauv qhov kub txog 1247 degree F (675 degree). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis welding zoo, yog li yog tias xav tau vuam, nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog 410 steel alloy qis hauv hydrogen electrodes thiab preheated mus rau qhov ntau ntawm 392-572 degree F (200-300 degree ). Tom qab vuam, cov hlau no yuav tsum tau annealed lossis hardened tam sim ntawd los yog rhuab kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1202-1247 degree F (650-675 degree ).
416HT stainless hlau
Qhov no yog lub tshav kub kho version ntawm 416 stainless hlau, nrog lub zog siab thiab hardness tab sis qis corrosion kuj. Nws, ib yam nkaus, muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li austenitic steel hom, nrog cov hlau nplaum thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam zoo los txo qis kev ntes thiab galling.
Cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
Hluav taws xob cov motors
Gears
Txiv ntseej thiab bolts
Qhov chaw rau cov tshuab tsis siv neeg ntsia hlau
Cov twj
Studs
Valves
Tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Corrosion thiab tshav kub tsis kam yog zoo ib yam li niaj hnub 416 stainless hlau, thaum nws weldability yog tsis zoo sib xws.
430 & 430F STAINLESS STEELS
Qib no muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov qauv tsim nyog thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion rau ferritic alloy hauv 400 series. 430 stainless hlau yog siv rau hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsheb.
Lub free-machining stainless hlau hom yog 430F, uas tuaj nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv bar siv rau 434 stainless hlau. 434 muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qib 430, nrog molybdenum ntxiv los txhim kho corrosion kuj, nrog rau pitting corrosion. 430 series muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws mus rau stainless hlau rau kauj, phaj, lossis ntawv.
Daim ntawv thov rau 430 stainless hlau suav nrog:
Automotive trim
Txee panels hauv tub yees
chimney liners
Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Element txhawb
Fasteners
lashing kab
Qhov cub trim rings
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb rau 430F stainless hlau suav nrog:
Repetitively machined qhov chaw
Qib 430 tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kab mob corrosive, xws li nitric thiab qee cov organic acids, tab sis nws yog qhov corrosion-resistant tshaj plaws thaum buffed los yog polished heev. Hais txog pitting thiab crevice corrosion, 430 stainless hlau resists zoo ib yam li qib 304, txawm hais tias 430F tau txo qis tsis kam vim nws cov ntsiab lus sulfur ntau dua. Lub 430 alloy kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv siab heev rau kev tawg, raws li qib ferritic stainless hlau.
430 stainless hlau tuaj yeem tiv taus oxidation intermittently ntawm qhov kub txog 1598 degree F (870 degree), thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub txog 1499 degree F (815 degree). Cov hlau tuaj yeem ua nkig tom qab cua sov ntawm 752-1112 degree F (400-600 degree ) thaum nws txias rau chav tsev kub. Txawm li cas los xij, annealing tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nyhuv no.
