Nickel-raws li corrosion-resistant alloy
corrosion-resisting nickelbase alloys
Alloys uas siv npib tsib xee ua lub hauv paus thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv corrosion hauv qee qhov xov xwm hu ua npib tsib xee-raws li corrosion-resistant alloys. Tsis tas li ntawd, corrosion-resistant alloys uas muaj ntau tshaj 30% npib tsib xee thiab ntau tshaj 50% npib tsib xee ntxiv hlau yog ib txwm hu ua hlau-nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys (saib stainless acid-resistant steel).
Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys feem ntau muaj cov qauv austenitic. Nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem thiab kev laus kev kho mob lub xeev, muaj intermetallic theem thiab hlau carbonitrides ntawm lub austenite matrix thiab grain ciam teb ntawm cov alloy. Ntau yam corrosion-resistant alloys yog cais raws li lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv yog raws li nram no:
Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm Ni-Cu alloy zoo dua li ntawm nickel hauv kev txo cov xov xwm, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj zoo dua tooj liab hauv oxidizing media. Nws tiv taus kub kub fluorine roj, hydrogen fluoride thiab hydrogen fluoride thaum tsis muaj oxygen thiab oxidant. Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kua qaub (saib Hlau Corrosion).
Ni-Cr alloy feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv oxidizing media tej yam kev mob. Resistant mus rau kub oxidation thiab corrosion los ntawm gases uas muaj sulfur, vanadium thiab lwm yam gases, nws corrosion kuj nce nrog nce nyob rau hauv chromium cov ntsiab lus. Hom alloy no kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hydroxide (xws li NaOH, KOH) corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion kuj.
Ni-Mo alloy feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txo qhov nruab nrab corrosion. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws alloy los tiv thaiv hydrochloric acid corrosion, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen thiab oxidants, lub corrosion kuj yuav txo ho.
Ni-Cr-Mo (W) alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom saum toj no-hais Ni-Cr alloy thiab Ni-Mo alloy. Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv oxidation-txo kev sib xyaw media tej yam kev mob. Hom alloy no muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv high-temperature hydrogen fluoride gas, nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid daws uas muaj oxygen thiab oxidants, thiab nyob rau hauv ntub chlorine roj ntawm chav tsev kub.
Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy yog resistant rau ob qho tib si nitric acid thiab sulfuric acid corrosion, thiab kuj muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv ib co oxidation-txo sib tov acids.
Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm C, S, P, Si thiab lwm yam thiab cov kev xav tau purity, nws tuaj yeem smelted nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv, lub tshuab nqus tsev induction rauv, los yog cov txheej txheem thib ob refining. Txhawm rau ua kom cov hlau tiv thaiv corrosion muaj cov thermoplasticity zoo, cov txheej txheem deoxidation yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis thaum smelting. Qee cov alloys yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm Al, Ca, Mg, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, thiab lwm yam raws li qhov kawg deoxidizer. Cov thermoplasticity ntawm qee cov alloys tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem electroslag remelting.
Nickel-raws li corrosion-resistant alloys yooj yim ua ke nrog sulfur nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg roj thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem los tsim nickel sulfide nrog ib tug tsawg melting point, uas tawg thaum lub sij hawm ua. Yog li ntawd, hluav taws xob furnaces, tiv thaiv roj cua sov rauv los yog tsawg-sulfur fuels yuav tsum tau siv rau cua sov. Lub qhov cub cua sov. Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm thermal ua tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1. Hom hlau no feem ntau muaj cov khoom ua haujlwm txias zoo dua. Tom qab txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem los yog kev kho mob annealing, qhov tso cai ua haujlwm txias deformation feem ntau ntawm 20 thiab 80%.
